自动控制专业英语CH07.ppt

专业英语 Lesson 7 Introductions To Phase-Plane Analysis ?Notes ①For systems of order higher than third, it is impossible to visualize trajectories; however; notions of the motion of a representative point in two-dimensional space can be conceptually extended to n-dimensional space. 对于高于三阶的系统，要作出其相轨迹是不可能的，但可从概念上将二维空间中点的运动的表示扩展到n维空间中。 ②Although systems amenable to this method are practically limited to first- and second-order ones, the results obtained from studying the effects of a nonlinearity on the response of a second-order system give considerable insight into the behavior of higher-order systems possessing the same nonlinearity. 虽然适用于这种方法的系统实际上只限于一阶和二阶系统，但是从分析非线性因素对二阶系统响应的影响中得到的结果，对于我们认识具有同样非线性因素的高阶系统的特性具有重要作用。 ③In the field of control systems, the phase-plane method is particularly well suited to the analysis and synthesis of second-order systems when they are subjected to initial conditions and/or aperiodic inputs, such as step inputs, ramp inputs, and pulse inputs. 在控制领域，相平面法特别适于分析和综合给定初始条件和/或如阶跃输入、斜坡输入、脉冲输入等非周期性输人下的二阶系统。 ④If a representative point is in the upper half of the x-x/ (t) plane, the point moves to the right on a trajectory as time increases since a positive velocity (x/(t)＞0) corresponds to an increase in the value of x with time. 如果表示点位于x-x/ (t)平面的上半部，则随着时间增加，表示点沿相轨迹向右方运动，因为正速度(x/(t)＞0)相当于x值随时间而增加。 I. As的译法 1.as作为介词的译法 as作为介词可引导主语补足语、宾语补足语、状语、同位语等，可译为“作为”、“为”、“以”、“是”、“当作”等。 We take steel as the leading engineering material.（宾语补足语） 我们把钢作为主要的工程材料。 Engineering is considered as an applied science.（主语补足语） 工程学被认为是一门应用科学。 2.as作为关系代词的译法 as作为关系代词可以单独使用，也可以与 such, the same等词搭配使用，引导定语从句，其译法分述如下。 （1）as单独引导定语从句或省略定语从句时，可译成“正如”、“如”，或“这”、“这样”等，有时as 也可略去不译。 As is known to us, inertia is an absolute quality possessed by all bodies. 正如我们所知，惯性是所有物体都具有的一种必备属性。 This machine, as might be expected，has stopped operating. 正如所料，这台机器已停止运转。 3. as作为关系副词的译法 as作为关系副词引导定语从句的译法与作为关系代词引导定语从句的译法基本相同。 Molecular weights are expressed in the same unit as atomic weights. 分