对防火安全因素的讨论.docVIP

DISCUSSION OF FIRE SAFETY MATRIX The fire safety matrix considers the building height, sprinkler protection and the emergency strategy as the primary variables. This is due to the high influence that the interactions of these variables have on other fire safety measures. In addition to this, the fire engineer can specify the emergency strategy and sprinkler protection for the building that will provide flexibility to the matrix. Therefore once the extent of these three variables has been determined the remaining fire safety systems can be selected to suit the building. The objective of the fire safety recommendations is to address key issues that result from a given set of building characteristics, while providing multiple levels of protection for occupants in the event of a fire. This provides a backup or redundancy in the design in the event of one part of the system failing. For example, if the sprinkler system fails the occupants will be protected with passive protection and smoke control systems. The following sections discuss the three building height limits with respect to the fire safety measures that have been recommended. The staged evacuation strategy has not been discussed separately as it is a combination of the other two strategies and the same fundamental principles apply. 1 Buildings greater than 25m in height. Once buildings exceed 25m in height, the ability of the fire brigade to rescue occupants externally becomes limited. Therefore, a higher level of fire safety needs to be provided to the stairs and escape paths. Emergency lifts are also considered an option to provide rapid access for the fire brigade and egress for disabled occupants. As buildings become taller the level of fire protection needs to increase. This is due to: ??Further travel distances, resulting in a higher chance of exposure to fire and fire products, and longer exposure time. ??The reduced ability of the fire brigade to rescue people externally ??The increased time for the fi