中国古代天文气象风向仪器相风鸟-中国气象局图书馆.PDFVIP

Special 专题 中国古代天文气象风向仪器：相风鸟 ——起源、文化历史及哲学思想探析 周京平 陈正洪 （中国气象局气象干部培训学院，北京 100081） 摘要：论述中国古代气象风向仪器相风鸟（即相风乌）制作工艺、作用及历史发展沿革，探索其蕴含的中国古代文化历 史背景及哲学思想。从旧石器末期到新石器时代，以及夏、商、周时期，先民把鸟作为崇拜祭祀的神，并与大自然天气 变化联系起来，为天文气象风相仪器产生奠定了文化历史基础。 关键词：相风鸟，历史，鸟崇拜 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.2095-1973.2012.06.008 A Wind Device of Ancient Chinese Astronomy and Meteorology: The Bird-Like Wind Indicator ——Inquiry into Origin, Culture, History and Philosophical ideas Zhou Jingping, Chen Zhenghong (CMA Training Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081) Abstract: This paper discusses the Bird-Like Wind Indicator: a meteorological device looking like a bird to indicate the speed or direction of the wind in ancient China, its manufactural workmanship, function and historical evolution, exploring in a deep way the cultural and historical background and philosophical ideas in relation to it. From late Old Stone Age to Neolithic and New Neolithic Ages, till Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the ancient Chinese regarded birds as their gods of worship, and therefore, sacrificed and worshipped them. They linked birds activities with weather changes in nature. As can be seen, the invention of such a meteorological and astronomical wind indicator device has a solid foundation in its cultural history. Keywords: Bird-Like Wind Indicator, history, bird worshipping 1 中国古人对风的记载 癸、丑、艮、寅、甲、卯、乙、辰、巽、巳、丙、午、丁、未、坤、 关于风，远在殷商时代就有了详细记载。根 申、庚、酉、辛、戌、乾、亥、壬。李淳风在 《乙巳占》中 [ 1] 即以此24方位判定风向，并将风分为动叶、鸣条、摇 据殷商 卜辞的四方风记录 ，四方风名分别为：东 风称 “帿”（x ie协），南风称“伄”（k ai 凯），西风称 枝、堕叶、折小枝、折大枝、折木飞砂石或伐木、拔 “夷”，北风称 “寒” （han ）。 《尚书·尧典》确立 木树及根共8级。 了春夏秋冬四时、四气，与东南西北四方风相配，并 2 中国古代四方风与鸟的关系