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[工程科技]Concepts Are Not a Natural Kind
Concepts Are Not a Natural Kind*
Edouard Machery†‡
*
† To contact the author, please write to Edouard Machery, Department of History and
Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260; e-mail:
machery@pitt.edu.
‡ I would like to thank the anonymous referees for their very useful comments.
1
ABSTRACT
In cognitive psychology, concepts are those data structures that are stored in long-term
memory and are used by default in human beings’ higher cognitive processes
(categorization, inductive and deductive reasoning…). Most psychologists of concepts
assume that these mental representations share many scientifically important properties,
and the psychology of concepts is expected to describe those properties. Psychologists
assume thereby that concepts constitute a natural kind. I call this assumption the Natural
Kind Assumption . This article challenges the Natural Kind Assumption. It is argued that a
growing body of evidence suggests that concepts do not constitute a natural kind. Hence,
the notion of concept is inappropriate to carve human beings’ mental representations at
their joints, if one aims at formulating scientifically relevant inductive generalizations
about the human mind.
2
1. Introduction
In cognitive science, concepts are the data structures that are stored in long-term memory
and are used by default in the higher cognitive processes (categorization, inductive and
deductive reasoning, analogy making, language understanding…).1 Cognitive scientists
assume typically that they constitute a homogenous class of mental representations. Of
course, everybody recognizes that there are plenty of differences between concepts and
also between
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