[英语]2011-2012写作强化训练.doc

英语写作文章的构建模式 英语写作一般包括一个开头段、一至两个扩展段和一个结尾段。开头段和结尾段一般比扩展段短。各种段落的作用、特点和写作方法如下所示。 一、开头段 　　开头段一定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨，具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。一般在开头段写四、五句即可。 　　开头段的作用：概括陈述主题，提出观点或论点，表明写作意图。 　　【写作要点】 　　写开头段时考生应该避免的若干问题: 　　1) 开头偏离主题太远； 2) 使用抱歉或埋怨之词句； 　　3) 内容不具体，言之无物； 4) 使用不言自明的陈述。 　　【方法例释】 　　写作文时，好多考生也是觉得开头难，其实，写开头段有多种表达方法，如主题句法、提问法、引语法、数据法、背景法、定义法，等等，下面分别讲解开头的几种展开方法: 　　1. 主题句法：开篇点明主题，用主题句，然后围绕主题内容进行发展。例如： Now people become increasingly aware of the importance of acquiring a mastery of a foreign language. To them, the knowledge of a foreign language, say, English, often means a good opportunity for one’s career, even a passport to a prosperous future. Many of them equate success in life with the ability of speaking a foreign language. 　　2. 提问法：提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题，然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短讨论。例如：  What do you want from your work? Money? Promotions? Interesting challenges? Continual learning? Work？based friendships? The opportunity to develop your own idea and potentials? Though we are all individuals and so our answers will differ, all agree that work provides more than material things. 　　3. 引语法：使用引语(use a quotation)：使用一段名人名言，或人们常用的谚语、习语，以确定文章的写作范围和方向。例如： 　　“Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them.” Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success. 　　4. 数据法：使用具体详实的数字或数据，然后作出概括性分析，指明问题的症结所在。例如： 　　In the past 5 years, there has been a marked decline in the number of young married couples who want to have children, coupled with a growing trend toward delayed childbearing. According to official statistics, in 2003, about 28 percent of married couples with wives under 35 gave no birth to children, compared with the 1993 level of 8 percent. 　　5. 背景法：给出背景，描述具体事件的时间、地点和发生背景等，例如： 　　Once in a newspaper I read of a crowd of people who remained appallingly indifferent to the plea o