[英语学习]Unit 11 Confucianism in the Tang and Song.ppt

扛不住的时候，就将下面的话读一遍： 1、靠山山会倒，靠人人会跑, 只有自己最可靠。 2、没有人陪你走一辈子，所以你要适应孤独；没有人会帮你一辈子，所以你要奋斗一生。 3、与其用泪水悔恨今天，不如用汗水拼搏今天。 4、选择自己所爱的，爱自己所选择的。 5、这一秒不放弃，下一秒就会有希望。 6、曾经拥有的不要忘记，难以得到的更要珍惜；属于自己的不要放弃，不属于自己的不要强求，已经失去的留作回忆。 7、人生就是一场旅行，不在乎目的地，在乎的应该是沿途的风景以及看风景的心情。 8、不求与人相比，但求超越自己。 9、为你的难过而快乐的是敌人，为你的快乐而快乐的是朋友，为你的难过而难过的才是你的知己。 10、只要心中有希望存在，就有幸福存在。所以，不做杯水主义者。 Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty By the 2nd century AD, Buddhism, aided by the simplicity of its approach and some similarities to Daoism, managed to gain a firm foothold and acquired a sizable following in China. For nearly eight centuries, from the fall of the Han [A.D. 220] to the rise of the Song [ A.D. 960] this religion from India was so predominant that great Tang was more like a “Buddha-land” than the “land of Confucius.” Confucianism, although having lost its past popularity, remained the accepted political philosophy. Why? It owed much to the civil service examination system [科举制度]. Buddhism and Daoism, both as philosophies and religions, sought to transcend politics and offered nothing in the way of either a political program or a set of basic principles which might have been used in the examination system. So the vast majority of the scholars still followed a curriculum in which the position of the Confucian Classics was supreme. Thus it can be noticed that the purpose of Confucian scholarship in the Tang was to serve the bureaucracy. Like their Han predecessors, Tang learned men were engaged in the kind of textual annotation which would provide more definitive editions of the Confucian canon used in the examinations. From the scholarly point of view this sort of work is important, but in need of creative thought. In the Tang time there appeared men like Han Yu who represented a new and unbending opposition to Buddhism, although their opposition failed to gain many supporters in their own time. Han Yu was a famous public official, but better remembered as a successful literary stylist, whose “ancient-prose” style, as