[英语学习]英语语法Lecture 23-25 形容词、副词及比较结构.ppt

Adjective Adjective Phrase Adverb Adverb Phrase Comparison Comparative Constructions Adjective Adjective Phrase 1. 单词形容词和复合形容词： 形容词，就词的构成来说，分为单词形容词（one-word adjective）和复合形容词（compound adjective). 2. 中心形容词和外围形容词： 形容词，就其句法功能( syntactic function)来说，分为中心形容词（central adjective）和外围形容词（peripheral adjective）. 中心形容词（central adjective）如： Green apples are sour. (modifier in a noun phrase) Pillar-boxes are green. (subject complement) They have painted the windows green. (object complement) 外围形容词（peripheral adjective）如： This is utter nonsense. (only as a premodifier) This child is asleep. (only as complement) 3. 动态形容词和静态形容词： 形容词，按词汇意义(semantically)，分为动态形容词（dynamic adjective）和静态形容词（static adjective）. 动态形容词（dynamic adjective）如： abusive, ambitious, awkward, brave, calm, careful, dull, enthusiastic, extravagant, faithful, reasonable, rude, thoughtful, troublesome, vain, vicious, wicked, witty 等。 1) go with the progressive aspect of the verb be, 2) co-occur with imperative be 3) applied to causative construction 静态形容词（static adjective）如： tall, short, big, small, ugly, beautiful, shallow, deep, blue, white等。 4. 等级形容词和非等级形容词： 就语态学/词法（morphology)来说，形容词还可分为等级形容词（gradable adjective）和非等级形容词（Non-gradable adjective）. 等级形容词（gradable adjective）如： tall---taller---tallest beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful 非等级形容词（Non-gradable adjective）如：atomic scientist, hydrochloric acid, French food, Chinese carpet 又如：perfect，excellent, extreme 等。 23.2 Adjective and –ing/-ed participle 1. Adjectives derived from –ing participle can be modified by very; have forms of comparative and superlative degrees; and may be used as complement in a sentence can be made negative by adding the prefix un- 由-ing分词转化来的形容词常见的有：absorbing, alarming, amusing, annoying, boring, challenging, changing, charming, comforting, confusing, convincing, deafening, discouraging, disturbing, exciting, fascinating, frightening, humiliating, insulting, obliging, perishing, pleasing, perishing, tempting, terrifying, th