[学科竞赛]lecture 6：动词7th week.pptVIP

动词学习要点 1. 动词的分类 2. 动词的时态 3. 动词的语态 4. 动词的语气 5. 动词的用法 五、 情态动词的用法 1. can / could 1）表示“能力”，与“be able to ”同义。Can 只有现在式和过去式，be able to 可以有各种时态形式。 Jack can (is able to) speak five languages. (现在时) In the early days, people could not (were not able to) count as we do now.(过去时) Will you be able to come to our meeting tomorrow? (将来时) She has been able to play the piano since she was nine.(完成时) 注意：用于过去时中, can 常常表示能够做某事，但事实上不一定去做； be able to 则表示能做某事并且已经做了。 I could catch the 7:30 train. 我能赶上7:30的火车。（不一定去赶） I was able to catch the 7:30 train. 我赶上了7:30的火车。（赶了） 2）表示“允许”或“请求”，与may的第一义相同，但常用于口语中。这时，could 可以是can 的过去式，也可用作表示语气委婉。 You can go with them if you like. Could I use your bicycle? (委婉) He asked me if he could use my bicycle. (过去式) 3）表示潜在的可能性（参见may 第二义），现在式用can, 过去式用could. The Union leaders can reach an agreement tomorrow. Anybody can make mistakes. Experts said that another storm like this could destroy the crops. 4) 表示揣测，怀疑等态度，一般只用于否定句，疑问句或感叹句（见may 第三义和must 第三义）。could 比can 更不肯定。 ★对现在揣测 This news can’t be true. Could this be a misprint? 这会不会是印刷错误呢？ They can’t be working now. 他们不可能在工作。 How can he believe such rumors！ 他怎么会相信这些谣言呢！ ★对已经发生的事情揣测 He can’t have gone to Beijing. I saw him only a minute ago. Could they have arrived there already? 2. may 和might 1) 表示“允许”（肯定句）和“请求”（疑问句）。might 可以是may 的过去式，也可表示语气婉转。口语中，一般用can 代替may （见can 第二种用法） You may borrow any of those books on the shelves. May I smoke here? He asked if he might have a chat with me. 注意：在回答“May I …?”这一类问题时，通常避免用“may”， 而用其它形式，以免显得不客气。 May I go now? Yes, please. (Certainly.) Please don’t. (No, you mustn’t.) 2) 表示客观可能性，现在式为may, 过去式为might. (见can 第三种用法) Take an umbrella with you. It may rain. They may not approve of your idea. 3) 表示揣测，一般只用于肯定句（见can 第四种用法）。might 比may 更不肯定。 对现在情况揣测 Tom may know Professor Li’s telephone number. This might be the key Tom has been looking for.这可能就是汤姆在找的钥匙。 He may be using the book now. 他也许在用这本书呢。 对已经发生的情况表示揣测。 The train may have left already. 火车可能已经开走了。 They might have been there befo