NIH 预算【外文翻译】.docVIP

外文文献翻译译文 一、外文原文 原文： The NIH budget Introduction Federal funding for biomedical research in the United States has fueled discoveries that have advanced our understanding of human disease, led to novel and effective diagnostic tools and therapies, and made our research enterprise an international paragon. Although it was not the original intent, this investment, through the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has also become an essential source of support for academic medical centers, providing funds for faculty and staff salaries, operational expenses, and even capital improvements related to research that can no longer be supported by clinical income. Until approximately 20 years ago, clinical income often subsidized research, but managed care, increased scrutiny and efficiency in the management of clinical expenses, and reductions in federal support for teaching hospitals have rendered clinical margins insufficient to support the research mission. Although some may see institution building as an inappropriate use of NIH funds, a consistent, productive biomedical research enterprise requires a solid infrastructure. Ensuring durable federal support for such research has not, however, been without tribulations. As with all line items in the federal budget, NIH funding is subject to the vicissitudes of the political process, and intermittent periods of growth have been followed by periods of decline. Some argue that funding cycles refresh the research enterprise, eliminating through competition investigators whose work is not of the highest quality. Though not as sanguine about their purposes or consequences, the academic medical community has accepted these cycles and works to find ways to dampen the effects of downturns on research programs and institutional stability. Redefined the concept of a comprehensive budget management Budget originated in 18th century England, first implemented in government departments, the purpose is mainly used to con