不定式用法总结.pptVIP

动词不定式的基本用法归纳 一、动词不定时的形式： 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done 一般被动否定式：not to be done 完成主动式：to have done 完成否定式： not to have done 完成被动式：to have been done 完成被动否定式： not to have been done 动词不定式的基本用法归纳 二、动词不定式的用法 1．作主语 A 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如： To see is to believe.(Seeing is believing.) My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. Her wish is to become a doctor. B 不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，构成“It is + 形容词(+for sb.)不定式”结构。 It is impossible for him to give up smoking. 2.作宾语 A．动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want, decide, intend, fail, wish, export, pretend, choose等等。 I mean to go there at once. B.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。 I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher. I find it interesting to work with him. C．动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语，但仅限于介词except和but（除了）。 常用句型有： There is nothing to do but+动词原形 do nothing but+动词（除做….之外别无选择） can but+动词原形 （只能原形(“只有做……) have no choice but to do ，只得） cannot help/choose but+动词原形(不能不……） but+不定式的用法 ①不定式在介词 but, except, besides, other than 后面时, 如果这些介词之前有行为动词do (非助动词)的各种形式时, 那么这些介词后面的不定式不带to,否定带to。e.g. She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to wait. There was nothing for me to do other than wait until the meeting was over. I had nothing to do but watch TV. ② 当句子的谓语动词是can’t, can’t help, can’t choose 等结构时, but, except, besides后的不定式to 也省略。 We can’t but admire his bravery. We can’t choose but wait。 She is such a lovely girl that I can’t help but love her. 注意: but 作 “除了…以外” 解时, 若前面部分有do, did, done时, but 之后接do sth. 反之, 后接to do sth. He can do nothing but wait. He wanted nothing but to play in the park. 3．作表语 动词不定式作表语，一是主语有不定式充当；二是主语由抽象名词充当。 To teach is to learn. My job is to help the patient. 【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）又实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。 All I want to do now (What I want to do now) is fill my stomach. 4．作宾语不足语 【注意】在感官动词（see, hear, feel, listen to , notice,