植物微生物学真菌界演示幻灯片.pptVIP

真菌界;Eumycotan Fungi真菌界;真菌界一般性状;Phylum Chytridiomycota壶菌门;Chytrid fungi on decaying leaf in river This type is eucarpic（分体产果） having separate rhizoids and reproductive parts. Others are holocarpic（整体产果） - only have reprod. parts;Potato wart disease Synchytrium endobioticum severe effect on yield resistant varieties available - but new virulent strains of fungus arising warts contain sporangia which release zoospores - infect new potatoes - cause rapid cell division = wart;接合菌门主要特征;Phylum – Zygomycota接合菌门;Bread Mould - Rhizopus stolonifer面包霉;Life cycle of Rhizopus stolonifera;Mucor - Life Cycle;Zygospore of Rhizopus (diploid - will go through meiosis);Dikaryomycota子囊菌亚门;Dikaryomycota二核菌门;Ascomycotina - main features (cf. Basidiomycotina)担子菌主要特征;many pathogenic fungi 许多是病原菌 eg humans (ringworm, athletes foot - attack keratin)如足癣 plants - southern corn blight, powdery mildews玉米小斑病和白粉病 rots and moulds of wood and cotton etc木材和棉花霉烂 producers of mycotoxins (eg aflatoxin)产毒素如黄曲霉 beneficial decomposers of material in soils 土中的分解者 insect and nematode predators and parasites昆虫和线虫的捕食者和寄生物 useful in food (yeast, cheeses) or antibiotic prep. (penicillin, cyclosporine)用于食品（酵母和奶酪）或生产抗生素 important in molecular and classical genetics分子和经典遗传学的模式生物。;Taphrina deformans - peach leaf curlClaviceps purpurea - ergot of Ryecaused outbreaks of St Anthony’s Fire in Middle Ages. Source of LSD;Highly prized edible Morels;引起植物病害;Ascomycotina - main groups分纲;Holomorph = Anamorph + Teleomorph生活史分无性阶段和有性阶段;Teleomorphs of Ascomycetes子囊菌有性阶段;4 kinds of ascoma4种子囊果;4. cleistothecium;1. Apothecium;Life cycle of typical Ascomycete;Ascomycetes;bitunicate ascus双层壁的子囊;In Ascomycetes, anamorphs and teleomorphs often develop at different times and places. Each stage is therefore often collected in ignorance of the existence of the other Normal classification is based on telomorph stages, but mycologists have had to classify specimens in which they only find anamorph stages. Thus parallel system