[工学]2-水化学成分和水化学指标.ppt

Ion Hydrolysis Dissolved substances that can donate a proton are called acids and those that can accept a proton are called bases. The key to understanding acid/base equilibria lies in the phenomenon of hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is a reaction that accompanies ion hydration. Hydrogen ions are labile and can transfer from one water molecule to the next in solution. Imagine the hydrogen ions associated with the first neighbor water molecules around a monovalent cation in solution. Ion Hydrolysis Ion Hydrolysis Would the cation tend to repel and perhaps eject a hydrogen ion into the bulk solution? Certainly one would think so and the tendency would be greater the higher the charge on the cations. The process of hydrogen ion detachment from hydration sheaths and their ejection into the bulk solution is called hydrolysis. Ion Hydrolysis Cation hydrolysis thus results in a decrease in solution pH. Anion hydrolysis operates oppositely. Because of their negative charge, anions not only preserve the hydrogen ions of water molecules in their hydration sheaths but attract hydrogen ions from the bulk solution. Anion hydrolysis thus results in an increase in the solution pH. Ion Hydrolysis Monovalent ions are so weakly charged that they rarely hydrolyze. For example, NaCl is considered a neutral salt, i.e., producing no effect on pH when it is added to water. This is because the field strengths (charge/surface area ratios) of Na+ and Cl? are not sufficiently high to attract or eject hydrogen ions to or from their hydration sheaths. Ion Hydrolysis The addition of AlCl3 or Na2CO3 to water, however, causes a marked change in the pH of water. In the case of AlCl3, it is the Al3+ ion that hydrolyzes and several hydrolysis products form representing Al3+ ions that have lost one, two, three and four hydrogen ions from their hydration sheaths. Al3+ + H2O ?→ AlOH2+ + H+ Al3+ + 2H2O ?→ Al(OH)2+ + 2H+ Al3+ + 3H2O ?→ Al(OH)30 + 3H+ Al3+ + 4H2O ?→ Al(OH)4? + 4H+ Ion Hydrolysis In the case of th