Greek希腊文化.pptVIP

Part 1: Greek Culture (2) The Historical Context (2) around 1200 B. C.: the war with Troy 5th century B.C.: high point of development second half of the 4th century B.C.: Alexander 146 B.C.: the Romans conquered Greece Social Polical Structure (3) Politics: democracy (adult male citizens) Economy: slave labour, exploitation Social life: sports, Olympus Mount (every four years) (revived in 1896) Epics: Homer (3) Iliad: Greek (Achilles, Odysseus) --  Troy (Hector) Odyssey: the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war , adventures, reunion Lyric Poetry: Sappho, Pindar (13) I could not hope to touch the sky with my two arms Sappho (14) In gold sandals dawn like a thief fell upon me Drama (14) Aeschylus: Prometheus Bound, Persian Sophocles (17): Oedipus the King, Electra, Antigone Euripides (18): concerned with conflicts Aristophanes (18): comedy, loose plot, satirical tone, coarse language Prometheus Bound Oedipus the King History (18) Herodotus: Father of History (20) Thucydides: “the greatest historian that ever lived” (21) Philosophy Science (21) Heracleitue (22) You cannot step twice into the same river; for fresh waters are ever flowing upon you. The sun is new everyday. all is flux, nothing is stationary Democritus (22) the atomic structure of matter … It is right, since we are human, that we should not laugh at human misfortunes but lament them Socrates (23) the dialectical method : the method of argument, questions answers (25) Plato (26) Dialogues: The Apology 辩解篇 Symposium 会引篇 The republic 理想国篇 Aristotle (27) Ethics 伦理学 Politics 政治学 Poetics 诗学 Rhetoric What should be man’s aim in life? Aristotle’s answer was: happiness. To students of literature, Aristotle’s most influential writing is Poetics. 人生活的目的是什么？亚里士多德的回答是：幸福。对于学文学的学生来讲，亚里士多德最富有影响力的著作应该是《诗学》。 Contending Schools of Thought (