[教育]第6章 参数估计.ppt

90 An estimator is a random variable used to estimate a population parameter (characteristic). Unbiasedness An estimator is unbiased if the mean of its sampling distribution is equal to the population parameter. Efficiency The efficiency of an unbiased estimator is measured by the variance of its sampling distribution. If two estimators, with the same sample size, are both unbiased, then the one with the smaller variance has greater relative efficiency. Consistency An estimator is a consistent estimator of a population parameter if the larger the sample size, the more likely it is that the estimate will come close to the parameter. An estimator is a random variable used to estimate a population parameter (characteristic). Unbiasedness An estimator is unbiased if the mean of its sampling distribution is equal to the population parameter. Efficiency The efficiency of an unbiased estimator is measured by the variance of its sampling distribution. If two estimators, with the same sample size, are both unbiased, then the one with the smaller variance has greater relative efficiency. Consistency An estimator is a consistent estimator of a population parameter if the larger the sample size, the more likely it is that the estimate will come close to the parameter. Have students verify these numbers. 35 Notice that the interval width is determined by 1-? in the sampling distribution. 33 33 33 Have students explain why each of these occurs. Level of confidence can be seen in the sampling distribution. 38 In this diagram, do the populations have equal or unequal variances? Unequal. 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 总体成数的置信区间（实例） 解：已知 n=200 ， ＝0.7 , n =1405, n(1- )=605，?= 0.95，Ｚ?/2=1.96 p ? p ? p ? 可以95％的概率认为该企业 职工由于同管理人员不能 融洽相处而离开的比例 在63.6%~76.4%之间 【例】某企业在一项关于职工流动原因的研究中，从该企业前职工的总体中随机选取了200人组成一个样本。在对其进行访问时，有140人说他们离开该企业是由于同管理人员不能融洽相处。试对由于这种原因而离开该企业的人员的真正比例构造95%的置信区间。 某高校在全校2000名学生中,随机抽取100名 学生进行计算机应用基础知识考试,测得的平均 成绩是81分,标准差是11.9分,给定α=0.0455,试 对全校2000名学生掌握计算机应用基础知识的 水平作一区间