[文学]汉译英.ppt

Unit 8 汉英对比与翻译（一） 教学目的要求： 掌握句子翻译中的基本元素的翻译，主要掌握主语和谓语的正确确立。 教学重点： 汉英句子的差异，翻译中句子主语和谓语的确立。 教学难点： 如何使译文的主语和谓语符合语法和语言使用规范。 正确确立单句的主干： 主语的确立：英语主语的严格性，只能由名词（或）代词，例如 We can solve the problem. This problem can be solved in many ways.） 或具有名词语法功能的语言单位（如动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句一般指主语从句等）来充当。例如： To solve this problem needs patience. Working ingeniously may help you learn English well. It is not known yet whether they will return today.） 试找出下列句子英译的恰当主语，并进行翻译？ 直接用原文的主语 1) 如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。 Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. 2) 如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writings. l?替换主语以符合英语表达 1) 鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。 Lu Hsun’s bones ？？ were the hardest; he was free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples. Lu Hsun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy(拍马屁，奉承) or obsequiousness(谄媚) this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people. 2) 胎又瘪了。 We’ve got another flat tire. The tire turns flat again? 3) 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. (刘鹗《老残游记》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译) We can’t judge people from their appearance, just as we can’t measure the ocean by pints. l找出译文中合适的主语 1) 在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。 The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan-a city in central China. Because of the constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history, there have formed a great many lakes (“there be”, “a great many lakes”) in the areas around Wuhan-a city in central China. 2) 健康不佳就无法有效工作。（表示条件的主语用抽象的英语名词短语表达） Poor health may cause one’s inefficiency at work. One’s poor health will incapacitate him for efficient work (from efficient work). You cannot work effic