医学课件-02Modern Immunology and its development strategies.pptVIP

Chapter 2Modern Immunology and its development strategies  I. Some basic conceptions Primary definition of immunity: Immunity is the protection from disease and more responsible for infection diseases. New definition of immunity Immunity is the ability to respond to foreign substances( antigen), including microbes , as well as to macromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides, mediated by immune system, regardless of the physiologic or pathologic consequence of such a reaction Old conception Antigen was used for any molecule that induced B cells to produce a specific antibody ( antibody generator) New conception Antigen is used to indicate any molecule that can be specifically recognized by B cells or T cells, or both Antibody：a type of glycoprotein molecule, also called immunoglobulin (Ig) , produced　by B cells that bind antigens often with a high degree of specificity and affinity 　 The basic structural unit of antibody is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains The molecules, cells, tissues and organs that collectively function to provide immunity or protection against foreign substances Immune system Immune organs or tissues bone marrow thymus spleen lymph nodes Immune cells : lymphocytes : T cells , B cells and NK cells phagocytes: macrophage Immune molecules : antibody complement (补体） cytokines adhesive molecules A collective and coordinated response to  the introduction of foreign substances in  an individual mediated by cells and  molecules Process of Immune response 1. Recognition phase 2. Activation ,proliferation and differentiation of phase 3. Effector phase Immunology is study of immunity in this broader sense and the cellular and molecular events that occur after an organism encounters microbes and other