软件设计与体系结构课件lecture1-8.ppt

Software Architecture And Design Session 1: Introduction to Software Architecture Session Outline IT Systems Application Domain What is Software Architecture? Definitions What does an architect do? Architectures and technologies Further reading IT Systems Application Domain IT systems are everywhere Banks Shops Internet sites Large, complex, heterogeneous, distributed applications Use commercial-off-the-shelf middleware, databases, web servers, application packages Major problems are architecture design, technology selection, application and business integration What is Software Architecture? It’s about software design All architecture is software design, but not all design is software architecture Part of the design process Simply, architecture focuses on ‘issues that will be difficult/impossible to change once the system is built’ Quality attributes like security, performance Non-functional requirements like cost, deployment hardware More on these later in this session Defintions - ANSI/IEEE Std 1471-2000 “Architecture is the fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution.” Definitions - SEI “The software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system, which comprise software elements, the externally visible properties of those elements, and the relationships among them.” Definitions – Garlan and Shaw “[Software architecture goes] beyond the algorithms and data structures of the computation; designing and specifying the overall system structure emerges as a new kind of problem. Structural issues include gross organization and global control structure; protocols for communication, synchronization, and data access; assignment of functionality to design elements; physical distribution; composition of design elements; scaling and performance; and selection among design alternatives.” Architecture