[所有分类]细胞骨架.ppt

Chapter 8 Cytoskeleton System 2. Microfilament, MF 1. MFs are made of actin Actin, a single globular polypeptide chain. Each actin subunit has a binding site for a ATP(ADP). Using ATP, G-actin subunits assemble head -to -tail to form actin filament (F-actin) G-actins are with structural polarity, minus end and plus end. 2. MF assembly and disassembly 3. Specific drugs affect polymer dynamics 4. Actin-binding proteins 5. Functions of MFs (1) Maintain cell’s shape and enforce PM (2) Cell migration (Fibroblast et al) cell crawling (3) Microvillus: Support the projecting membrane of intestinal epithelial cells (4) Stress fibers (5) Contractile ring: For cytokinesis (6) Muscle contraction Sarcomere Thick and thin filaments sliding model Excitation-contraction coupling process (7) Intracellular transport (8)cytoplasmic streaming Microtubule, MT Arrangement of protofilaments in singlet, double, and triplet MTs 2. Characteristics of MT assembly 3. MTs assemble from microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) MT are nucleated by a protein complex containing ?-tubulin 4. Drugs affect the assembly of MTs 5 Microtuble-associated proteins (MAPs) 6. Functions of MTs (1). Position of membrane-enclosed organelles and maintain the cell shapes There are two types of microtubule Motor Proteins (3).Flagella and Cilia The axoneme of flagella and cilia is composed of microtubules and associated proteins. Nine special doublet microtubules are arranged in a ring around a pair of single microtubules. Intermediate filaments, IFs All eucaryotic cells contain actin and tubulin, but the intermediate filament does not. One type of IFS froms a meshwork called the nuclear lamina just beneath the inner nuclear membrane. Other types extend across the cytoplasm, giving cells mechanical strength. 1 The structure of IFs IFS are made of IFS proteins, elongated molecules with an extended central α-helical domain that forms a parallel coiled coil with another monomer. Charac