基本电路论文-功率表的原理及各种应用.docxVIP

The Application of WattmeterAbstract: When we are learning three-phase circuit, there is a new electric instrument called wattmeter, which we may not be so familiar with. In this paper, the structure and mechanism of a wattmeter will be introduced, and we are going to figure out how many ways we can use the wattmeter and the functionality of each way of connection.Key words: Wattmeter; three-phase circuit; phasor; two-wattmeter method; three-wattmeter methodText:The introduction of wattmeter.In alternating current circuits, the real power of an element is P=UIcosφ, where U and I is the average value of the voltage and current, and φ is the phase difference between the voltage and the current. And the reactive power of the element is Q=UIsinφ, the complex power S=P+jQ, can be obtained by calculating UI* in complex form.The wattmeter has two inputs, one for current and the other for voltage. And the function of the wattmeter is to display the real power. The current goes through the stationary coil and produces a magnetic field, and the voltage is applied onto a movable coil connecting with a resistance which has a very large magnitude, thus also producing a magnetic field. So the previous two magnetic field interferes with each other and the movable coil rotates according to the force exerted by each other. And the magnitude of the angle represents the power consumed by the element.Thetwo-wattmeter method and three-wattmeter method.First we know that the load in either Delta or Wyeconnection can be transformed into Wyeconnection, so the following only deals with Wye connection load.(1)The universal way of measuring the power delivered by the three-phase system is three-wattmeter method.(in graph 1)It can be applied in three-phase four-wire system. The phasor diagram is shown in graph 2 and we all know that for wattmeter in U line, the real power is Pu= UUIUcosφ，and in V、W line, it’s similar.This method is applicable whether or not the load is balanced, since there is