虚拟语气45958.ppt

虚拟语气 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 大多数的虚拟语气都是由条件句变来的，所以同学们首先要了解，神马是条件句 条件句很简单，给出一个条件（从句），然后描绘在这种条件下会发生的事儿（主句）。 乳沟这种条件和在这种条件下发生的事儿都是有可能的，那么这个条件句就是真实条件句… 真实条件句都遵从 主将从现的规则 If I come back, they will be totally excited. If you love her, you should tell her. (should 替换情态动词will,也被定义为将来时) 那么，如果这个条件是永远不可能发生的，或者说与现实情况相反的时候，我们就需要虚拟了，不用管那些中文很复杂的概念，同学们只要记住，虚拟就是降级就可以了 怎么降呢？ 如果这个条件是发生在过去又和真实条件相反呢? 对，降两级就OK了，从句降为过去的过去—过去完成时，主句里面的will 降成would 再加一个现在完成时就可以了！（就等于降了两级） If you had told me earlier about his true color, I would not have made friends with him. 2. 与过去事实相反的假设. 这时从句谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语是 “should或would (或其它情态动词could, might等）+完成时（后者一律用 “have +过去分词”形式）”。 If you had come here yesterday，you would have seen him.假 如你昨天来了，你就见到他了。（事实上你昨天没来这里。） If she had further considered the problem, she might have come to the correct conclusion.假如她当时能进一步考虑?这个问題，她也^许会得出正 确的结论。（事实上她当时没作进一步考虑。） 对于将来不可能发生的事儿的虚拟，同样降级，降过去….复杂的点是，这个东西有多种变形 在从句里面，那个动词可以直接降为过去式，或者用were to/ should 主句用和其它一样的降级方式 If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home? If it should/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home If Linda should come to us，she would answer these questions. If Sidney were to do this test，he might do it (in) some other way. 虚拟语气的特殊语序 如果用if 引导的条件状语从句中出现了 were to, had vpp, should, could.. 这三个结构，我们可以把他们挪在句子的前面去，而且去掉 if 比如讲： If you had loved me, you would have discovered that I’m totally handsome.-- Had you loved me, you …. If you should kill your mother, your father would be totally happy. ? should you kill your mother, you….. If the sun were to rise from the west, I would kill myself, ? were the sun to rise from the west, I…. Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth. Should they come to us, I should ask them some questions. Could he have foreseen it，his iron soul must not have been shaken. He might live quite comfortably were it not for such troubles. 。 People might have avoided many accidents had ultrasonic methods been known before. ? Should he call，te