10倒装.docVIP

倒装 谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be 动词等功能置于主语这前。 一． 用全部倒装的情况 全部倒装一般是存在以下列副词开头的句子中，全部倒装的方法是把句子的主谓语序颠倒过来，把谓语移到主语前面： 1）出于修辞需要，表示方向的副词：out, down, in ,up, away, on。如： Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him. Then from the portable radio in the corner came the announcer’s voice.2)出于习惯用法：here, there, now, thus, hence, then.如： Now is your turn. There goes the bell. Here is a ticket for you There existed a certain doubt among the students as to pass the exams. 注意：here，there用于倒装结构时主语一般为名词，如果是人称代词则不需要倒装 “ where is the cup？” “Here it is！” Here you are. There he comes. 3)有时主语较长，为了使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，主谓要全部倒装。这种情况多出现在主系表结构中。如： Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.Long live the friendship between American and Chinese people! 中美人民的友谊万岁！ May you succeed! 祝你成功！ 二． 采用部分倒装情况 部分倒装一般是把句子谓语的一部分（主要是助动词或系动词）放到句子主语前，构成部分倒装，而全部倒装则把句子的谓语（包括实义动词）都放在主语前 1．下列否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状语时，若置于句首，句子的主谓要部分倒装，： never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account无论如何也不, in no respect没有任何方面, in no sense无论如何也不, by no means, in vain, in no way, under no circumstances, by no means, in no case。如：Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly. 2. 省略 if 的虚拟条件句中 Had I known what was going to happen，I would never have left her alone. 如果我当时知道可能发生的事的话，我就不会撇下她一个人在那里了。 Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. 没有空气和水，世界上就不会有生命。2．以only修饰状语（副词，介词短语，状语从句）开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装： only then, only at that time, only once, only in this way, only with, only through, only by, only when, only after, only because。如： 3．以下列副词或短语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装： often, so, well, many a time。如： ey have got up, and so has Jack I’ve had some good ideas, so have other men.2) 否定重复倒装用：nor, neither, no more If you don’t agree to our plan, neither will they He didn’t fear new ideas, nor did he f