过程装备与控制工程(毕业设计论文).doc

摘 要 油井产量计量是掌握油井动态，分析油储层的变化情况，科学地制定油田开发方案的重要依据。是原油生产单位的一项重要日常工作。目前中国油井产量计量在动态周期性计量的基础上，普遍采用多井集中计量方式，对于单拉井，可采用静态计量方式，对于开采后期的油井，针对其普遍低产少气的特点，可采用活动计量或软件计量方式，其中软件计量应用最多的是页面恢复法、功图法。20世纪末国内外研制开发的多相流量计可同时计量管道内油、气、水的产量，是油井产量计量技术的发展方向。 现有的计量方法工人劳动强度大，准确度低，可靠性差。尤其超稠、特稠原油油井产量的计量，速度非常慢。项目针对超稠原油计量准确度低、不能实时计量的现状，采用称重的方式对原油进行计量。解决了稠油计量的准确度、可靠性、耐久性及实时在线计量的问题。采用垂直计量罐，在计量罐原油进口处安装伞状分离器，达到油气部分分离的目的。在翻斗上安装称重传感器，采用两个翻斗轮流计量。通过称出原油重量，得到原油产量。解决了油中含气造成假体积带来的计量误差。采用对称的两个独立料斗，通过称重传感器检测原油重量的同时，也检测到一条重量随时间变化的曲线，通过计算得到累计流量，再换算成产量，采用的翻斗称重法，即时消除油中含气和稠油残留造成的误差，实现了超稠、特稠原油油井的实时在线计量。 关键词：油井产量，计量，料斗，采集 Abstract Oil well production measurement is to master the dynamic changes of the oil reservoir was a scientific program to develop an important basis for field development.Is an important crude oil production units daily.Chinas current oil production in the dynamic measurement based on periodic measurement, concentration measurement commonly used in multi-well method for pulling the oil wells, the static measurement method can be used for the extraction wells later, less gas for its generally low-yielding characteristics, can bemeasured using the activity or software metering, which is the most widely used software metering page restoration method, diagram method, developed by the late 20th century domestic and Multiphase Flow Meter can simultaneously measure the oil pipes, gas and water production, oil production ismeasurement technology development.  The method of measuring the existing workers in labor-intensive, low accuracy, poor reliability. In particular, ultra-thick, especially the measurement of viscous crude oil production, the speed is very slow.Difficult to discharge the gas, you need to settlement more than 4 hours, can not achieve real-time online measurement. Measured by the vertical tank, the tank of crude oil imports to install umbrella separator to achieve the purpose of separation of oil and gas section.Load cell is installed in the dump, measured using t