AcademicWritingforGraduateStudents全册课件.ppt

Academic Writing for Graduate Students—Essentials Tasks and Skills (second edition) John M. Swales and Christine B. Feak Michigan Series in English for Academic and Professional Purposes The University of Michigan Press1994, 2004 Introduction to the Second Edition 1 Unit One: An approach to Academic Writing 7 Unit Two: Writing General-specific Texts 44 Unit Three: Problem, Process, and Solution 83 Unit Four: Data Commentary 112 Writing Summaries 147 Unit Six: Writing Critiques 180 Unit Seven: Constructing a Research Paper 1 215 Unit Eight: Constructing a Research Paper 2 242 Appendix: 287 Unit One An Approach to Academic Writing What is academic writing? Academic writing is a product of many considerations: audience, purpose, organization, style, flow, and presentation. (fig. 1) AUDIENCE PURPOSE ORGANIZATION SYTLE FLOW PRESENTATION Who is Your Audience? Your instructor What do we need to do? Have an understanding of your audience’s expectations and prior knowledge. Purpose and Strategy Three factors audience, purpose, and strategy What if the audience knows less than the writer? Instructional What if the audience knows more than the writer? To display familiarity, expertise and intelligence. What strategy (or strategies) can a graduate student use to make a successful display? Example Gene (quite appropriately) begins his last paragraph by reminding his audience (i.e., his instructor) of what he has done in the pape