第四章2012王洪伟.ppt

Chapter 4Differential Relations For3D Viscous Flow §4.1 Preliminary Remarks Homework P4.1(a) P4.2 P4.4 P4.9(a) x y o h -h u(y) U x y o h -h When U=0 Poiseuille flow When When When Consider a special case General case: x y o U x o y U Couette flow Volume flow rate The wall shear stresses y x o U § 4.8 Nondimensionalization Dynamical Similarity 两个铁球同时落地？ N-S equation, 2-D, steady, no body force, incompressible Use U, L as reference velocity and length Dimensionless quantities X direction: 4.8.1 Nondimensionalization of N-S Equation For steady, incompressible, no body force flow, if two geometrically similar flow fields has same Reynolds number, then they have similar flow structure when same boundary conditions are provided. Why Reynolds number? Inertia force / Viscous force Why Reynolds number? Inertia force Viscous force * Determining gross flow effects such as force or torque on a body or total energy exchange. Describing the detailed flow pattern at every point (x, y, z) in a field. Integral approach Differential approach Two ways in analyzing fluid motion Reynolds tank Laminar Flow(层流) VS. Turbulent Flow (湍流) Viscosity is inherent nature of real fluid. Reynolds number There are two forms of flow that relate to viscosity. Viscous flow Paint Coffee Transition(转捩) §4.2 The Acceleration Field of a Fluid Local acceleration unsteady Convective acceleration nonuniform Substantial Derivative 随体（物质、全）导数 Any property Φ Example 4.1: Given . Find the acceleration of a particle. Solution: x inlet (mass flow) x outlet dx y z x dz dy Infinitesimal fixed CV x net flow out §4.3 Differential Equation of Mass Conservation In the like manner : Flow rate per area Loss of mass in the CV For steady flow For incompressible flow Example 4.2: Under what conditions does the velocity field represents an incompressible flow which conserves mass? ( where ) Solution: Continuit