(帝斯曼)牛场奶牛饲养存在的问题及对策文档.ppt

⑤被爬跨时站立不动 ⑥尾端湿污，体侧 ⑦用头轻抵 ⑧吼叫、不安脏污，出汗 两头母牛可能都在发情 ⑨头对头爬跨 最显著的发情表现是在被爬跨时站立不动。 发情母牛（深颜色者，原图为红色）被爬跨时站立不动。 * 谢 谢 * * * * 111 * * * Factor 2. Milk Fat and milk protein curves If milk fat test is below milk protein test by 0.4 of a percentage point (i.e. 2.7% MF and 3.2% MP) rumen acidosis can be occurring. If milk protein test is below breed average or drops during lactation the following nutritional factors lowering milk protein could be occurring: Low levels of fermentable CHO (lowers microbial protein synthesis) Low levels of DMI (reduces the supply of nutrients available for the rumen microbes and cow) Protein shortage and/or imbalance of amino acids Use of fats and oils as energy source (fat is not a source of rumen fermentable energy) * Factor 2. Milk Fat and milk protein curves If milk fat test is below milk protein test by 0.4 of a percentage point (i.e. 2.7% MF and 3.2% MP) rumen acidosis can be occurring. If milk protein test is below breed average or drops during lactation the following nutritional factors lowering milk protein could be occurring: Low levels of fermentable CHO (lowers microbial protein synthesis) Low levels of DMI (reduces the supply of nutrients available for the rumen microbes and cow) Protein shortage and/or imbalance of amino acids Use of fats and oils as energy source (fat is not a source of rumen fermentable energy) * * Milk production usually peaks between 4 and 8 weeks postpartum, yet maximum DMI usually occurs between 10 and 14 weeks postpartum The rise in feed intake may not occur if fed less than optimal amounts of dietary protein of less than optimal degradability The lag of maximum DMI behind peak milk yield causes a negative energy balance in early lactation; the cow consequently mobilises body tissues, particularly fat deposits to over come the energy deficit, which results in weight loss. 干物质采食量低下的原因 日粮中粗纤维比例过高, NDF33%, ADF20% 对粗料进行分析!!!! 饲喂效果评估 * Reduced DMI… 干物质采食量低下的原因 食盐摄入量不足 饮水受到限制或水质太差 饲料