英文期刊写作指南-Writing8.ppt

Doctorate English ProgramAcademic Writing Course Slide Series 8 Announcements Announcements Writing Errors Writing Errors Writing Errors Writing Errors Writing Errors Writing Errors Writing Errors Writing Errors Writing Errors Writing Errors Changing Active Voice to Passive When the subject serves as agent or actor, the performer of the action that the verb describes, this is an active relationship: the active voice. In transitive verb patterns, the opposite relationship, the passive voice, is also an option. Changing Active Voice to Passive Three steps involved for changing from active to passive voice: The original direct object becomes the subject. be + -en is added to the main verb. The original subject becomes the object of the preposition by. This third step is optional; many, if not most, passive sentences do not include the by phrase. Unlike the active sentence, the subject of the passive sentence does nothing, but is still the receiver of the action. Verb-expansion rule for the Passive Voice T (M) (have + -en)(be + -ing)be + -enMV Changing Active Voice to Passive Passive Voice: T (M) (have + -en)(be + -ing)be + -enMV Examples: The boys are eating the pizza. The pizza is being eaten (by the boys). The boys ate the pizza. The pizza was eaten (by the boys). The boys were eating the pizza. The pizza was being eaten (by the boys). The boys have eaten the pizza. The pizza has been eaten (by the boys). The boys had eaten the pizza. The pizza had been eaten (by the boys). Changing Active Voice to Passive Whenever you see two forms of the verb be as auxiliaries, the sentence is in the passive voice. When the form of the verb be precedes the -en form of the main verb, the sentence is in the passive voice. Some rules about Passive Voice: A verb without an auxiliary is always active. When the main verb ends in -ing, it is active. If an -en main verb is preceded by a form of have, it is active. If an -en main verb is preceded by a form of be, it is passive. Changing