弹性力学第2章数学基础精品.pptVIP

* * 高阶笛卡尔张量 Third- and higher- order Cartesian tensors are defined analogously. 零阶笛卡尔张量 A Cartesian tensor of zeroth order is defined to be any quantity that is unchanged under coordinate transformation, that is, a scalar. * * If Aij and Bij denote components of two second-order tensors, the addition or subtraction of these tensors is defined to be a third tensor of second order having components Cij given by 二、笛卡尔张量的运算（Operation of Cartesian Tensors） Addition of Cartesian Tensors The addition or subtraction of two Cartesian tensors of the same order to be a third Cartesian tensor of the same order. * * Multiplication of Cartesian Tensors The multiplication of Cartesian tensors can be classified into two categories, outer products and inner products. The outer products of two tensors is defined to be a third tensor having components given by the product of the components of the two, with no repeated summation indices. An inner product of two Cartesian tensors is defined as an outer product followed by a contraction of the two; that is, by an equating of any index associated with one tensor to any index associated with the other. * * 二阶张量的商规则（Quotient Rule for Second-Order Tensors） Suppose we know the following equation to apply where Ai denotes components of an arbitrary vector, Bj components of a vector. Then, the quotient rule states the components Tij are indeed the components of a second-order Cartesian tensor. 书上有证明 下一章要利用这个法则 * * 一、对称张量和反对称张量的定义 定义（Definition） 第三节 二阶笛卡尔张量 If Tij = Tji , then the tensor is said to be symmetric. On the other hand, if Tij = -Tji , then the tensor is said to be antisymmetric. 二阶张量的九个分量可以用3?3矩阵表示： * * 例题2.1 试证明任意二阶张量可以表示为对称张量 和反对称张量之和 证： 设Tij 是任意二阶张量的分量，则有 其中 二阶对称张量 二阶反对称张量 * * 证： 例题2.2 设Aij 是二阶对称张量的分量， Bij 是二阶 反对称张量的分量，试证明关系Aij Bij =0。 因为 所以 所有指标都是哑指标 * * 反对称张量的分量 （Anti-symmetric Tensor Components） A special