[理学]材料科学导论-第一章.ppt

Introduction of Materials Science Introduction of Materials Science Chapter 1 Introduction §1.1 Historical Perspective远景，看法。透视 Materials are more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation, and food production-virtually every segment部分 of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials. Chapter 1 Introduction Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately密切的私下的 tied to the members’ ability to produce and manipulate操纵 控制 利用 materials to fill their needs. Early civilizations have been designated by the level of their materials development (Stone Age, Bronze Age, et al.,) Chapter 1 Introduction Firstly, the earliest human had access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally:stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on. Secondly, the human discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones, these new materials included pottery and various metals. Chapter 1 Introduction Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a materials could be altered by heat treatments and by the addition of other substances. Now the scientists come to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties. Chapter 1 Introduction Thus, tens of thousands of different materials have evolved进化的 with rather specialized characteristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society; these include metals, plastics, glasses, and fibers. The development of many technologies that make our existence so comfortable has been intimately associated with the accessibility of suitable materials. Chapter 1 Introduction An advancement in the understanding of a material type is often the forerunner先驱 祖先 to the stepwise阶梯式的 progression of a technology. In our contemporary同时代的，现代的 era时代纪元