软件体系结构3 软件体系结构风格(续).ppt

? sun@ 软件体系结构风格（续） 张平健 华南理工大学软件学院 调用/返回风格 History Main program and subroutines Decomposition into processing steps with single-threaded control单线程控制，划分为若干处理步骤 Functional modules Aggregation of processing steps into modules把处理步骤集成到模块内 Abstract Data Types Bundle operations and data, hide representations and other secrets操作和数据捆绑在一起，隐藏实现和其他秘密 History Objects Methods (bound dynamically), polymorphism (subtypes), reuse (through inheritance)方法（动态绑定），多态（子类），重用（继承） OO Architectures Objects as separate processes/threads对象活动与不同的进程/线程 Client-server, tiered styles Components Multiple interfaces, binary compatibility, advanced middleware （多个接口，二进制兼容，高级中间件） Main Program and Subroutine Main Program and Subroutine Hierarchical decomposition:逐步分解 Based on definition-use relationship基于定义—使用关系 Uses procedure call as interaction mechanism用过程调用作为交互机制 Single thread of control:单线程控制 Supported directly by programming languages程序设计语言直接支持 Main Program and Subroutine Hierarchical reasoning:层次推理 Correctness of a subroutine depends on the correctness of the subroutines it calls子程序的正确性取决于它调用的子程序的正确性 Subsystem structure implicit:子系统的结构是隐式的 Subroutines typically aggregated into modules子程序通常合成为模块 Main Program and Subroutine Criteria for Modularization What is a module? Common view: a piece of code. Too limited. Compilation unit, including related declarations and interface （编译单元，包含相关的声明和接口） Parnas: a unit of work. Why modularize a system, anyway? Management: Partition the overall development effort divide and conquer (分而治之) Evolution: Decouple parts of a system so that changes to one part are isolated from changes to other parts进化：降低模块间的耦合度，使改变一个模块不会影响其他 Understanding: Permit system to be understood as composition of mind-sized chunks理解：系统可以被理解成若干个易于理解的模块的组合 Key issue: what criteria to use for modularization Modularization Problems Access to internal representation: Vulnerability: Visible representations can be manipulated in unexpected, undesired, and dangerous ways Nonlocality: If