东南亚地区货柜航商枢纽港埠之选择.docVIP

東南亞地區貨櫃航商樞紐港埠之選擇 ─ACS與灰決策理論之應用─ Selection of Hub Ports for Liner in Southeastern Asia: Application of the ACS and Gray Decision Models 戴輝煌* Hui-Huang Tai dia@seed.net.tw 摘　要 近年來台灣本島與東南亞區域內，貨櫃運輸航線配置趨勢多變，各航商均亟欲了解其在樞紐港埠選擇與轉運航線配置時，相對於貨源分佈與使用船型之競爭優勢。本文即以此為主要動機，冀望能夠分析得出各個貨櫃樞紐港埠在航商之航線網配置上的成本競爭優劣態勢，並對於影響航商泊港營運與選擇之主觀、客觀因素，進行分析。本文研究方法為成本節省模式法(ACS)及灰決策模式，研究結果顯示：香港係為東南亞地區最具整體競爭優勢之港埠。本文相關結論亦可充分提供各樞紐港埠在其貨源腹地所處競爭態勢之充足訊息，並可應用於航商在各港埠間配置航線與船型時，提供具體之意見。 關鍵詞：樞紐港埠、轉運航線配置、ACS模式、灰決策 _______________________________________________________________ *中國海事商業專科學校航運管理科講師(國立交通大學交通運輸研究所博士生) Instructor, Department of Shipping and Transportation Management, China College of Marine Technology and Commerce. 212, Sec. 9, Yen-Ping N. Rd. Taipei 111, Taiwan. Abstract Recently, routes on which liner are deployed have greatly changed among various regions of Taiwan and Southeast Asia. International liner carriers want to obtain advantages of competition for hub port selection and transshipment route deployment, as opposed to cargo distribution and fleet deployment. Towards this goal, this paper subjectively and objectively analyzes the cost competition situation of different hub ports and deployment routes, and factors for ports selection according to carrier operations. The methodologies were the ACS and gray decision models. The results of this article indicate that Hong Kong possesses the most integrated competitive advantage in this area. It can also offer sufficient communications for carriers from different hub ports and for the application to carriers in the deployment of fleets and routes in the area. Key words: hub port, transshipment route deployment, ACS model, gray decision model. 前　言 近年來東南亞地區各國際貨櫃港埠，均全力迎合全球定期航商之運輸需求，在設施、費率與服務各層面上大力改進，並強化其所屬腹地之貨源供應、內陸運輸及港區倉儲轉運之優惠條件，諸如新加坡港、高雄港、香港等大型樞紐港埠，以及東南亞各集貨港群，其在進出口與轉運櫃源之成長率均有頗鉅之昇幅，故全球眾航商著眼於同時可以兼顧兩種貨源屬性情況下，紛將主、支航線網配置於本區域內。 然而，對於貨櫃航商之港埠選擇與航線配置之經營實務上，其著重與考量之營運因素眾多，主要目的即為：以何港埠為其航線轉運樞紐，將可以主導本區域內之航線與貨源，成為不同航向之航線與貨源匯集點，並可致使各航線運量平衡與不虞匱乏；以及達致運航成本最低之要求，此即為本文最主要的研