高考英语复习语法学案系列之不定式(教师).docVIP

高考英语复习语法学案系列之不定式 教学目标：1、归纳总结不定式的形式和用法，使学生做到心中有数。 2、通过练习，力争举一反三，使学生掌握不定式的基本用法。 I. 要点分析： 不定式由动词前加to构成，兼有动词的特征。请写出以动词do 为例的不定式的不同形式。 主动 被动 否定式 一般式 to do to be done not to do 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 1. 句法功能： 不定式具有名词、形容词、副词、动词的多种特征，因此它可以在句中作主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语，宾补/主补。 1)主语： 不定式短语做主语时有两种位置。一是将不定式（短语）直接放在句首。 To serve the people is our duty. To master a foreign language is not easy. 动词不定式在句中做主语，但在多数情况下常用it做形式主语，将不定式后置，以避免句子结构头重脚轻。 It is our duty to serve the people. It is not easy to master a foreign language. 不定式的复合结构 It is important for us to learn English. ( necessary, possible, easy, hard, essential, natural…) It is kind of you to help me. ( clever, brave, stupid, foolish, polite, rude…) 2) 宾语： He agreed ___to keep_____( keep) it a secret. Little Jim should love __to be taken__ ( take ) to the theatre this evening. One ought _not to be punished______ (not punish ) for what one hasn’t done. I am very glad ___to meet____ (meet) you. They found it impossible __to get_______ (get) everything ready in time. 只用不定式作宾语的动词有: attempt, ask, begin, decide, determine, expect, help, hope , intend, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, promise, pretend, refuse, want, wish, 或用在动词+it +形容词/名词+不定式+ 结构 ( consider, find, feel, think, make…) 3) 表语： His wish is to become a scientist. 4) 定语： I have an important meeting ___to attend_____ (attend). She was the first person ___to think______ (think) of the idea. This is the best way __to solve______ (solve) the problem. He is looking for a room __to live______ (live) in. 思考: 不定式作定语有什么特征? 序数词之后只用不定式作定语; 不定式作定语时, 如果是不及物动词, 需要加适当的介词: room to live in, pen to write with, paper to write on, etc. 5) 状语： 口头翻译下列句子: He got up early in order to catch the first bus. Let’s hurry so as not to be late for the meeting. I hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left. 不定式在句子中可以用作__目的____ 状语和___结果____ 状语. 翻译下面句子: The child is too young to go to school. 孩子太小还不能上学. I am only too glad to go with you. 我非常乐