[高三英语]现在分词.pptVIP

（一）现在分词 (1).现在分词的语法形式 现在分词无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.其时态和语态的变化形式与动名词相同. (2)、现在分词的句法功能 具有形容词和副词的特征,可充当成分: 1. 现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语起形容词作用,说明主语的特征及主语所具备的动作功能.常译为”使(令) … 怎样.” 如: The news is very disappointing. His story is very moving. (encouraging, inspiring, exciting, interesting….) 2. 现在分词作定语 现在分词作定语, 表示主动意义,它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系,通常可改为定语从句.它从以下两方面来说明中心词 A.表示动作正在进行 Don’t wake up the sleeping boy. = Don’t wake up the boy who is sleeping I don’ t know the man writing something over there. =I don’ t know the man who is writing something over there. B.说明中心词所具有的动作功能.译成”使(令)…..如何”. When did you hear the disappointing news? = When did you hear the news that could disappoint people. 3.现在分词作宾补 用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者或承受者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系； A.作感官动词的宾补, 如: see, look at ,watch, notice, find, observe, listen to, hear, smell taste, feel… 表示正在进行的意义 Look at the snow falling. We found them reading in the classroom. When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman. B. 作使役动词的宾补, 如: have, get, keep , send, leave, catch…表示”使…进行/处于(某种状态)” ,强调动作或状态的持续性. Can you keep the clock going? The joke set them all laughing. The boss has them working all day long. 注意:现在分词不作make, let 的宾补 Who made him doing the work? Who made him do the work? Let me helping you. Let me help you. 4. 现在分词作状语 现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果, 让步、伴随或方式等状语。 1)作时间状语, 可以表示三个时间概念 A.表示和谓语动作同时发生,相当于 “as soon as” 引导的时间状语从句 Hearing the good news, he jumped up with joy. = As soon as he heard the good news, he … = On hearing the good news, he… B.谓语动词的动作发生在分词动作的过程中,表示”在做某事期间”相当于由when/while 引导的时间状语从句 Walking in the street, I came across an old friend. = When/While I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend. = When/While walking in the street, I came across … C.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时. 如: Having done his homework, the boy went out to play. Having written his composition he began to do his math homework. 2)作原因状语,相当于由because/as 引导的原因状语从句.作原因状语的现在分词所表示的时间是 A.和谓语动词的动作同时发生 Being ill, he didn’t go to school. =Becau