外语课件第五章第二节被动语态的译法.ppt

第五章 第二节 被动语态的译法汉语的被动形式有以下两种：A．有标志的被动形式1．让、给、叫、由、被、受、挨、遭受2．为…所、被…所3．是…的（历史是人民创造的。门是我锁上的。）4．在…中，表明被动和正在进行的意义（新的住宅在修建中。案件在审理中。）B．没有标志的被动形式票卖完了。我和钱发光了。屋子坐满了。肥皂用完了。他的鞋穿破了。 一、译成汉语的被动式（一）无标志的被动式1. More factories will be built in our city.2. Resistance is measured in Ohm. 3. His sincerity is illustrated not only by his proposed but also by his deeds. 4. All this was clearly stated between the lines in Lacouture’s last speech.5. Transfers of ownership and other roundabout tricks could be dropped. 1. Socialist ideology has been accepted by the people of the whole country. 2. What concerns research workers even more, of course, is the fact that a certain number of innocent people are bound to be convicted of crimes they have not committed. 3. This ship is destined for London.4. These machines are operated by one worker only.5. “In short,” says she, “I was overtaken by my husband.” 6. “The Americans do not understand our fears,” said one West German Government official. “The United States is still a good way from the front. We would be hit first—and hardest.” 7. Shakespeare’s principal characters are created in typical real situations: the feudal castle, the medieval city, the king’s court with its courtly atmosphere, etc. 翻译这类句子时要注意搭配适当，选用符合汉语习惯的被动标志。如to be praised译为“受到表扬”，不能说“挨了表扬”或“遭到表扬”。 二、译成汉语的无主句1. A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose. 2. … In the end an agreement was reached which proved acceptable both to the British government and to the government of the Commonwealth countries which were most affected by Britain’s decision. 3. She was left, sitting on the straw in the dusty sunlight.4. Table tennis is played all over China.5. Heat treatment is used so as to improve the properties. 三、译成汉语的主动句（一）施事者作主语，谓语不变，原文的主语（受事者）作宾语1. His natural conservative streak had been reinforced by his football. 2. The airfields of Midway, they soon learned, had been shelled by a Japanese cruiser and a destroyer. 3.