英汉句式差异及翻译中的语序调整.docVIP

英汉句式差异及翻译中的语序调整 ——定语及定语从句语序的调整 一．定语语序调整 见课本P96 二．定语从句语序调整 (1) 前置译法 限制性定语从句往往要译成“……的”这种句型的前置定语结构，因为限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系密切，若分开译则会影响主句意思的完整。 也有一些非限制性定语从句，或因结构较短，或因与被修饰词关系较为密切，或因拆译后将会造成译文结构松散，在这种情况下也可以译成前置定语结构。 1.The pressure is also heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. 2.My brother’s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence. 3.There will come the day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism. 4.A writer’s work is a constant struggle to get the right word in the right place, to find that particular word that will convey his meaning exactly, that will persuade the reader or soothe him or amuse him. 5.An eminent American historian, Barbara Tuchman, who has been highly acclaimed for her narrative histories, gained her first significant recognition in 1958. (2) 后置译法 后置译法在非限制性定语从句中使用得比较普遍。有些限制性定语从句结构相对复杂，译成汉语前置定语则显得过长，而且不符合汉语表达习惯，这种情况下往往也可以译成后置的并列分句，作进一步的连贯叙述。 1. They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which enraged all of us. 2.I have met children who not only are growing emotionally and intellectually but also are trying to make sense of the world morally. 3.World War Ⅱ was, however, more complex than World WarⅠ, which was a collision among the imperialist power over the spoil of markets, resources and territories. 4.If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”. 5.In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend these differences. 6. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. (3) 合成译法 把原句中的被修饰词与定语从句合在一起译成一个独立的汉语句子的翻译方法。英语中的 ‘there be’ 结构就可以采用这种译法来处理。还有一些带有限制性定语从句的英语复合句，如果英语中的主句能够压缩成汉语词组并用做主