[工学]MPLS_ref.ppt

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL - SPECIAL HANDLING MPLS Outline Overview Label Encapsulations Label Distribution Protocols Constraint-Based Routing MPLS and VPNs Network Survivability Summary What is MPLS? MPLS is an IETF Standardized mechanism for controlling packet routing. MPLS Framework and Architecture Defines the scope, the various components and their interactions Encapsulations Labels are used at the data plane to make forwarding decisions Signaling Protocols Distribute Labels to establish Label Switched Paths Routing Protocol Traffic Engineering Extensions Distribute Bandwidth and other link attributes to make routing decisions “Label Substitution” what is it? MPLS Labels Hop-by-hop or source routing can be used to establish labels Hop-by-hop can use OSPF, RIP, etc. to define labels Source routing lets sources define routes and their labels Multiple levels of labels (stacks of labels within labels). Allows groups of flows to carry the same label for part of a route. ROUTE AT EDGE, SWITCH IN CORE Routers Do Both Routing and Switching Routing Deciding the next hop based on the destination address. A Layer 3 (L3) function. Switching Moving a packet from an input port to an output port and out. A layer 2 function. MPLS Turns Routing into Switching So we can avoid performing the layer 3 function. Use labels to decide next hops. What benefit does this provide? MPLS: Flexible Forwarding MPLS-based Solutions Enable QoS in IP Networks Support Diffserv using connection-oriented QoS “Connections” can be flows or large aggregates IP Traffic Engineering Use constraint-based routing to adapt to latest network loading and QoS performance Virtual Private Networks Use controllable tunneling mechanisms L2/L3 Integration Integrate with L1 and L2 technologies like Optical Cross Connects (OXC’s) and ATM Resilient Network Design Automatic Failover and Backup BEST OF BOTH WORLDS MPLS Terminology LDP: Label Distribution Protocol ，标记分发协议 LSP: Label Switched Path， 标记交换通路 LER: L