[工学]《微型计算机原理》第七章 输入输出与中断.ppt

第七章 输入/输出与中断 I/O接口概述 CPU与外设之间数据传送的方式 中断技术 内容与要求： 1.了解I/O的作用、寻址方式、控制方式。 2.理解I/O设备与主机之间的交换数据的控制方式（程序控制I/O方式、中断I/O方式、直接存储器存取DMA方式）。 3.理解中断原理、中断系统、Intel8259A中断。 7.1 I/O接口概述 I/O接口的作用 CPU与外设交换的信息 I/O接口的基本结构 I/O端口的编址 Case 1: 8-bit data ports FORMAT IN dest, source Example: 1. IN AL, port# 2. MOV DX, port# IN AL, DX FORMAT OUT dest, source Example: 1. OUT port#, AL 2. MOV DX, port# OUT DX, AL Case 2: 16-bit data ports Example: 1. IN AX, port# 2. MOV DX, port# IN AX, DX Example: 1. OUT port#, AX 2. MOV DX, port# OUT DX, AX Example: assume that AX=98F6H and that the port address is 47H. OUT 47H, AX ;send out AX to port 47H 48H The following are the differences between peripheral I/O and memory-mapped I/O. In memory-mapped I/O, we must use instructions accessing memory locations to access the memory-mapped I/O ports instead of IN and OUT instructions. For example, an instruction such as “MOV AL, [2000]” will access an input port of memory address 2000 and “MOV [2010], AL” will access the output port. In memory-mapped I/O, the entire 20-bit address, A0-A19, must be decoded. This is in contrast to peripheral I/O, in which only A0-A7 or A0-A15 are decode, depending on whether the port address is 8- or 16-bit, Furthermore, since the 20-bit address involves both the segment and an offset, the DS register must be loaded before memory-mapped I/O is accessed. For example, If physical memory address 35000H is used for the input port, the following instructions can be used to access the port. MOV AX, 3000H ;load the segment value MOV DS, AX MOV AL, [5000] ;bring in 1 byte from address 3500H Physical address 35000H is generated by shifting left DS one hex digit and adding it to offset address 5000（30000+5000）=35000H）.Since all 20-bit address are decoded, the decoding circuitry for memory-mapped I/O is more expensive. In memory-mapped I/O circuit interfacing, control signals MEMR and MEMW are used. This is in contrast to peripheral