CLASSICAL LIGHT SCATTERING1st 古典光散射.ppt

CLASSICAL LIGHT SCATTERING1st 古典光散射 Overview A. Scattering Intensity (by gases or by macromolecules in solution) B. Concentration Dependence C. Size Dependence (Structure factors, Rg, Zimm Plots) * * Sept. 4, 2006 3nd Presentation for LLS Book 2: p.2-19 For more infos please login on: .tw/~rheology/entry_basic.htm Atmospheric scattering Preliminary Remarks Light scattering has provided an important method for characterizing macromolecules for at least three decades Through the use of laser light, spectrum analyzers, autocorrelators, and the technology for clarifying samples, experiments can now be used to study molecular motion We will have finished introducing the classical light scattering (古典光散射) theories (especially their assumptions and limitations) in the next presentation (9/18) We will provide the basic concepts of dynamic light scattering (動態光散射) on 9/18 and 10/2 before some applications of LLS (e.g., laser doppler velocimetry) and advanced theories (e.g., SAXS) are given A. Scattering Intensity ─由古典理論求得散射光強 Scattering by an Isolated Dipole and by Gases ─小粒子、小分子的散射 Ez interacts with electrons in an atom or molecule to induce and electric dipole moment pz which provides the source of the scattered light For one scatter per unit volume: Scattering geometry 單位體積內，一個散射粒子所貢獻之光強 Contd. Rayleigh Ratio (experimentally reported value) For N scatters per unit volume: 光電倍增管於散射角θ 所接收之總光強 = 單位體積之散射光強 x 總散射體積 單位體積內，N 個散射粒子所貢獻之光強 (scattering volume) Scattering by Macromolecules in Solution ─巨分子的散射 The scattering intensity per unit volume: Interference effects of scattered light in the particle become significant! The scattering centers undergo Brownian movement, which produces transient optical inhomogenities in the solution 單位體積所貢獻之光強 濃度起伏的平方值取平均 B. Concentration Dependence ─ 由微小之濃度起伏求得小粒子散射光強 The magnitude of the average concentration fluctuation will clearly depend on the energy to produce the fluctuation . Finally, we arrive a