Heat Pump[热泵](PPT-60).pptVIP

Heat Pump When the discharge air sensor detects a drop in air temperature below a predetermined limit at the exit of the indoor coil, heating is required. The outdoor coil now acts as an evaporator. When the discharge air temperature sensor detects a drop in air temperature further below preset limits, the electric heater (that is supplementary heater) would be energized in steps to maintain the required discharge air temperature. Heating Mode AIR-SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS (Air-to-Air Heat Pumps) Supplementary heating is energized only when the space heating load cannot be offset by the heating effect of the heat pump. ?ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999 stipulates heat pumps equipped with internal electrical resistance heaters shall have controls to prevent supplemental heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat pump alone during heating or setback recovery. Heating Mode AIR-SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS (Air-to-Air Heat Pumps) For split packaged air-source heat pumps, indoor coils are located inside the building and outdoor coils are mounted outdoors. When an on/off control is used for the compressor, during the off period, refrigerant tends to migrate from the warmer outdoor coil to the cooler indoor coil in summer and from the warmer indoor coil to the cooler outdoor coil during winter. When the compressor starts again, the transient state performance shows that a 2- to 5-min operating period of reduced capacity is required before the heat pump can operate at full capacity. Such a loss due to cycling of the compressor is called cycling loss. Cycling Loss and Degradation Factor AIR-SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS (Air-to-Air Heat Pumps) These heat pumps rely on water as the heat source and sink, and use air to transmit heat to, or from, the conditioned space. They include the following: ? 1) Groundwater heat pumps? 2) Surface water heat pumps Water-to-Air Heat Pumps They use surface water from either a lake, pond, or stream as a heat source or sink.