HND 地理影响 L7.ppt

Lecture 6 Climates, regions, countries- how different climates affects regions and countries definition of climate Climate is the overall pattern of weather, usually based on an average over 30 years.一个地区长期的天气状况，通常是指30年以上的平均天气状况。 GROUP A: Tropical/megathermal climates Tropical climates?are characterized by constant high temperatures (at sea level and low elevations) — all 12 months of the year have average temperatures of 18°C (64°F) or higher Tropical rainforest climate?(Af) Tropical monsoon climate?(Am) Tropical wet and dry or?savanna?climate?(Aw) Tropical rainforest climate?(Af)  Tropical rainforest climate?(Af) All 12 months have average precipitation of at least 60?mm usually occur within 5–10° latitude of the?equator Examples：northwest?Pacific?coast of?South?and?Central America ；Santos,?Brazil ；Palembang,?Indonesia ；Ecuador?；Costa Rica Tropical monsoon climate?(Am) most common in?South America, results from the?monsoon?winds which change direction according to the seasons. Examples: Cairns,?Queensland, Australia 凯恩斯，昆士兰 Miami, Florida, United States Tropical wet and dry or?savanna?climate?(Aw)热带干湿或稀树草原气候 pronounced dry season, with the driest month having precipitation less than 60?mm and also less than 1/25 the total annual precipitation. Examples: Darwin,?Northern Territory达尔文，北领地，澳大利亚 Caracas, Venezuela加拉加斯，委内瑞拉 Kaohsiung, Taiwan台湾高雄 Mumbai, India印度孟买 Bangkok, Thailand泰国曼谷 GROUP B: Dry (arid and semiarid) climates actual precipitation less than a threshold value BW?(desert climate ）干旱型沙漠气候 : BWh：tropical desert climate热带沙漠气候 eg. North Africa, Namibia, the Arabian Peninsula, southern Iran, southern Pakistan, Western Australia and parts of the Americas BWk：temperate desert climate温带沙漠气候 eg. Central Asia, Mongolia, northwest China and the U.S. Southwest. BS?(steppe climate ）干旱性草原气候 : BSh 热带草原气候 : tropical savanna climate eg. parts of sub-Saharan line, Australia, South and West Asia, and parts of the Americas; BSk 温带草原气候 : temperate steppe