17--Lecture 39(倒装).pptVIP

Lecture 39 Postponement, Fronting and Inversion Introduction: Modern English has a more or less fixed word order in sentence construction. According to its normal, or natural order, the subject usually comes first and the predicate follows the subject. Apart from the adverbial which is mobile, the positions of the other four clause elements --- subject, predicator, object, and complement are almost fixed, that is, the subject precedes the predicator which is followed by the object or the complement, if any. My mother likes a cup of tea every afternoon. 39. l Postponement Postponement means delaying the appearance of a grammatical unit till a later time. 39. 2 Fronting and inversion Fronting means the placement of a normally non-initial element at the head of a sentence so as to give prominence and lend emphasis. There are two types of fronting: fronting without inversion and fronting with inversion. 1) Fronting without inversion Examples on p450 2) Fronting with inversion 表语前置引起的倒装：p450 Not a + Noun / Not a single + Noun 引起的倒装：p451 状语前置引起的倒装：p451—452 Inversion is most frequently found in sentences where an adverbial is fronted. Here we may classify two types of inversion--full inversion and partial inversion. a) Full inversion commonly occurs when the fronted adverbial is a locative or an onomatopoeia and when the predicator is a verb of motion such as come or go, e.g.: There was a sudden gust of wind, and away went his hat. The door burst open and in rushed the crowd. b) Full inversion is also common when the fronted adverbial is a prepositional phrase denoting place, e.g.: In this chapter will be found a partial answer to this question. c) Partial inversion usually takes place when the fronted adverbial comprises a negative word or a word with negative implication, e.g.: Never have I found him in such a good mood. Rarely do l get invited into his office alone. d) Partial inversion is necessary when the fronted adverbial is only + adverb / pr