Mahika Kai The Husbanding of Consumables by Maori in…毛利人消费品的治理.pdfVIP

MAHIKA KAI : THE HUSBANDING OF CONSUMABLES BY MÄORI IN PRECONTACT TE WÄIPOUNAMU JIM WILLIAMS (NGÄI TAHU) University of Otago In volumes 2 and 4 of New Zealand Journal of Archaeology Atholl Anderson (1980, 1982) began a series of articles in which he discussed the social organisation, settlement patterns and land management of precontact, southern Te Wäipounamu (the South Island, south of Banks Peninsula). Initially (1980), he provided an interpretation that was primarily based on population data, mainly from Shortland’s and MacKay’s censuses, to demonstrate the uniqueness of this geopolity. Following this (1982), he shifted to a natural resource focus, in particular, that visible in archaeological contexts; then, in later works (1996, 1998), he incorporated information from the Kai Tahu lists 1 of mahika kai ‘places where resources were obtained’, which were recorded in 1880 and, in summary form, were produced as evidence to The Waitangi Tribunal. Anderson has referenced these as “Ngai Tahu 1880, Mahinga kai list 1880. Manuscript, and Waitangi Tribunal 27, Doc. R30 (1989)” (1996: 640) and “Ngai Tahu 1880. Typescript. NTA” (1998: 234). (Mahinga and mahika are dialetical variations. The latter is common in South Island/Kai Tahu speech and I shall use it except when mahinga is used in quotes. Similarly, I privilege Kai Tahu over Ngäi Tahu.) The documents Anderson referred to are two identical summary documents, derived from the rather voluminous H.K. Taiaroa papers (1880), written in Te Reo Mäori (the Mäori language) and containing much additional detail. I analyse these papers here to expand upon Anderson’s interpretations. In particular, I explain some of the unique southern Mäori resource management vocabulary (most of which is not in the William