TAMING SETS FOR CRUMPLED CUBES渐缩立方体的驯服套装.pdfVIP

TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 161, November 1971 *-TAMING SETS FOR CRUMPLED CUBES. I: BASIC PROPERTIES*;1) BY JAMES W. CANNON Abstract. Is a surface in a 3-manifold tame if it is tame modulo a tame set ? This question was answered by the author through the introduction and characterization of taming sets. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and establish the basic properties of the more general and more flexible, but closely related, *-taming set. 1. Introduction. A crumpled cube is the union of a 2-sphere and one of its complementary domains in P3. If C is a crumpled cube in P3, then the closure cl (P3 — C) of P3 — C is also a crumpled cube which is said to be complementary to C and is denoted by C* (with C=(C*)*). We write Bd C ( = Bd C*) for the 2-sphere C n C* and Int C for the set E3 — C*. A crumpled cube in E3 is said to be a 3-cell if it is homeomorphic either with the solid round ball B of radius 1 centered at the origin in P3 or with the complementary crumpled cube B* of P. (This non- standard terminology allows us the descriptive advantages of having well-defined interiors and exteriors for all 2-spheres and of having horizontal and other geometrical-linear objects, as in P3, while having a complementary crump