Introduction to Motivation and Emotion University of ：动机和情绪的自我介绍大学.ppt

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2018-03-02 发布于重庆
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Introduction to Motivation and Emotion University of ：动机和情绪的自我介绍大学.ppt

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Introduction to Motivation and Emotion University of ：动机和情绪的自我介绍大学

Arousal, Behavior, and Affective Tone Chapter 6 I. Arousal and Performance A. An Analogy for Arousal Arousal: mobilization or activation of energy for and during behavior. Arousal increases the vigor of behavior and affects the efficiency. I. Arousal and Performance B. Categories of Arousal 1. Physiological Arousal Changes in sympathetic nervous system, e.g., heart rate, breathing, muscle tension, and perspiration. 2. Brain Arousal Positron emission topography and magnetic resonating imaging measure blood, glucose use, and oxygen flow in active brain areas. 3. Psychological Arousal Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List measures the degree of energetic (tired-lively) arousal and tense (calm-anxious) arousal. Energetic is highest midday and lowest early morning and night. I. Arousal and Performance C. Source of Arousal 1. Stimuli Cue function determines type of response. Arousing function determines intensity of response. 2. Collative Variables Stimulus novelty, complexity and incongruity determine arousal. 3. Incentives They energize approach/avoidance behavior and heighten arousal. 4. Tasks Person becomes aroused to perform a task based on need, value of task incentive, and likelihood of success. I. Arousal and Performance D. Arousal within and among Individuals Stimulation increases arousal. Individuals vary in degree of increase. E. Dimensionality of Arousal Unidimensionality: arousal is a single dimension that ranges from sleep to excitement. Directional fractionation of response: arousal varies along several dimensions that do not all correlate with one another. I. Arousal and Performance F. Arousal and Behavior 1. Inverted-U Relationships As stimulation or arousal increases, performance increases, levels off, and then declines. Trait anxiety: personality trait to perceive environment negatively. State anxiety: situation evokes apprehension or tension. 2. Yerkes-Dodson Law Arousal interacts with task complexity: low arousal for best performance on