Sensation Hearing, Vision, Taste, Touch, and Smell：感觉听觉，视觉，味觉，触觉，嗅觉.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * HEARING AIDS Care Remove at bedtime Clean with warm water or saline No alcohol or harsh soaps Use cotton pad Remove cerumen carefully HEARING AIDS Other devices Cochlear implants Assistive listening devices Amplifiers Telephone device for the deaf (TDD) NURSING INTERVENTIONS WHEN SPEAKING WITH HEARING IMPAIRED PATIENTS Eliminate extraneous noises Stand 2–3 feet from the patient Get patient’s attention before speaking Lower pitch of voice Pause at end of each sentence Assist with devices as needed Assess illumination in room Face patient during all interactions NURSING INTERVENTIONS WHEN SPEAKING WITH HEARING IMPAIRED PATIENTS Do not cover mouth Do not chew gum Avoid talking with others during interaction to avoid confusion Speak slowly Do not shout Rephrase instead of repeating when needed NURSING INTERVENTIONS WHEN SPEAKING WITH HEARING IMPAIRED PATIENTS Use gestures as needed Use written communication as needed Assess patient’s comprehension of interaction HYPOGEUSIA (DIMINISHED TASTE) Cannot be treated with medications Assess for potential causes Check dentures for fit and cleanliness Inspect oral cavity Review medications Review dietary intake HYPOGEUSIA (DIMINISHED TASTE) Use additives and seasonings to enhance flavor Aroma may amplify taste Vary foods to avoid sensory exhaustion Promote positive environment during mealtimes Allow for appetizing smells XEROSTOMIA (DRY MOUTH) Assess for potential causes Nonpharmacological management techniques Artificial saliva Oral lubricants Drink fluids with meals Humidifier Regular dental care Low-sugar diet XEROSTOMIA (DRY MOUTH) Nonpharmacological management techniques Sugar-free candies Mints Chewing gum Pharmacological management techniques Anticholinergics during the day Divide doses from once a day to twice a day NEED FOR TOUCH Tactile sense of interpretat