供应1982年木桐堡CHATEAU.pptVIP

Terrestrial Essential Climatic Variables Why terrestrial ECVs? Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations Natural Resources Management and Environment (NR) Beyond Kyoto, Aarhus, 6 March 2009 AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE MITIGATION Nadia Scialabba Senior Environment Officer Climate influences agriculture Climate change is a challenge in the twenty-first century, also for food systems 1.4 billion ha for crop cultivation more than 2.5?billion?ha for pasture 4 billion ha forested land (of which 5% plantations) ~ 60% Earth surface Some facts extreme precipitation ... ... extended drought periods = less reliable rainfall Agriculture influences climate Agriculture, rural livelihoods, sustainable management of natural resources and food security are linked Successful adaptation and mitigation responses can be achieved within the goals of World Food Summit, MDGs and UNFCCC Agriculture, including forestry, emits ~ 32 % of global GHG: 25?% CO2 , largely from deforestation 50?% CH4, rice and enteric fermentation 75?% N2O, largely from fertilizers Some facts Burning uncontrolled grazing Tillage = destruction of soil organic matter Main mitigation strategies Forestry: Reduce deforestation and degradation of tropical forests (REDD) Promote Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) Conduct Forest Restoration (FR), including Afforestation and Reforestation (A/R) Agriculture: Improve agroforestry practices Promote spatial and temporal integration of crop and livestock (e.g. rotations of crops and corall) Enhance soil carbon sequestration via soil biomass restoration and reduced tillage Mitigation potential agriculture and forest 4-18 Total 0.1-1 Bioenergy 0.5-3 FR 1-5 SFM 1-4 REDD 2.5-12 Forest 0.5-1.5 Agricultural soils 0.5-2 Agroforestry 0.3-1.5 Methane, N2O 1.5-5 Agriculture 15-25 Global emissions G tonne