北京市“十二五”时期社会建设规划纲.pptVIP

Embedded SystemsAnalog Electronics Units physical units = length [meter], mass [kilogram], time [second] force - [Newton]: kg m/s2 (F=ma) torque - [N m] energy - [joule]: 1N acting through distance of 1m - [calorie]: raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree centigrade power - [Watts]: energy rate of 1 joule/sec charge - [coulomb]: -1(charge of 0.624142 x 1019) electrons current - [Amperes]: 1 coulomb/sec voltage - [Volts]: 1 joule of energy is required to push 1 coulomb up a 1 volt potential difference Terminology conductor - materials (metals) with a crystalline structure with loosely bound electrons in the (outer) valence shell donate electrons to the lattice easily insulators - materials with tightly bound electrons in the valence shell semiconductors - a material whose conductivity can be controlled Circuit Analysis Tools Resistors resistance - [Ohms, ?]: a resistance of 1 ? permits a 1 A current flow given 1 V of electromotive potential power dissipated in resistors - P=VI=V2/R=I2R Resistors Resistors Voltage Divider Capacitors Capacitors RC Circuits RC Circuits RC Differentiator RC Integrator Inductors Inductors Transformers Switches Relays TuteBot TuteBot * Laboratory for Perceptual Robotics – Department of Computer Science Laboratory for Perceptual Robotics – Department of Computer Science Kirchoff’s Current Law - the sum of the current flowing into a junction is zero (conservation of electrical charge) Kirchoff’s Voltage Law - the sum of the voltages Taken around any closed circuit is zero I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 = 0 ?V1+ ?V2 + ?V3 + ?V4 + ?V5 = 0 black 0 brown 1 red 2 orange 3 yellow 4 green 5 blue 6 violet 7 grey 8 white 9 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 10 W carbon film - up to 1/4 W, precision to 5% [d1 d2 exp precision]: for example: 4700 W at 5% yellow violet red gold series combination parallel combination capacitance - [Farads]: Michael Faraday capacitor - two terminal d