2014年考研英语长难句笔记完美版.docVIP

英语长难句 英文句子阅读的实际过程是什么？ 英文 mind 中文 英中文转化过程中在句子层面的障碍 语义 语序 如：There is something by reason of which man is man ①There is something. ②Man is man by reason of (因为) this thing. 世间存在一种东西，人之所以是人，就是这种东西。 英语句子的分类：简单句和非简单句 简单句的定义只含有一套主谓结构的句子 简单句没有障碍的情况: 主语+谓语 主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+双宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补主语+系+表语 （表语为形容词时候，表语又可以称作主语补足语） 简单句的障碍来源（问题在于识别和处理）： 1. 定语2.同位语3.插入语4.状语 （识别）： :修饰限定名词的成分；可以多个定语：形容词形容词性物主代词前置定语：单个v-ing形式单个v-ed形式名词后置定语： 形容词短语+介词+名词a student unaware of my presence 现在分词短语现在分词ving+介词+名词；ving +名词；ving+连词+Otoman fighting with xiaoguaishou 过去分词短语v-ed+介词+名词；过去分词v-ed+名词；过去分词v-ed+ n + to do +名词 a picture painted by Picasso 不定式短语to+ do（动词原形）+名词 a way to solve this problem 介词短语+ 名词（+代词） an apple on the table 表语形容词表语形容词定语后置a cat alive 不定代词定语后置不定代词后置something important 处理：前置拆分后置定语较长时。名词1+定语1（介词+名词2）+定语2+定语3绝大多数时候定语2和定语3都在修饰名词1，而不是定语2修饰名词2new guidelines for tort law explaining several confusing points。 定语从句（识别及处理： 作用：1.修饰和限定名词2.连接两个具有共同名词的句子3.表示因果关系 1.今生：I have three books of which the red is my favorite.（of which叫做关系代词） 前世：I have three books. ②The red of them is my favorite . 2. I love this girl who is pretty. 识别：名词+连接词+句子（基本结构） /关系代词which, that, who, whom, whose , as + 非完整句 连 接 词关系连词：when, where, why, how /介词+关系代词as, that和whowhich，whom, whose跟到介词后+句子）+完整句（当介词+关系代词介词+关系代词处理方法拆分关系连词前；关系连词介词前】；找指代；还原 1. A poem line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge /off which they both fall into the river. 2. Man is born as a blank sheet of paper /on which each culture writes its text. 3. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the European