[英语学习]主谓一致.ppt

1. 主谓一致的三个原则 2. 符合语法一致的几种情况 3. 符合概念一致的几种情况 4. 符合就近原则的几种情况 5. 短语、从句作主语时主谓一致 几种情况 1. 主谓一致的三个原则 处理主谓一致有如下三个原则: 1) 语法一致，即：主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式（不包括复数形式单数概念的名词）。 The number of crrors was surprising. Julia and her twin sister naturally look a lot alike. 2). 概念一致，即：谓语动词的单、复数形式要取决于主语表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志。 The crowd were fighting for wheir lives. Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. 上述第一句主语形式上是单数，实际上是指其中的一个个成员，因此谓语按概念应该用复数形式。第二句主语形式上是复数，但指的却是一个时间单位，因此谓语用单数形式。 3). 就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如： Here is a dictionary and a few books. Here are a few books and a dictionary. 2. 符合语法一致的几种情况 以下所列各种情况均根据语法一致的原则确定谓语动词的形式。 1). 当主语为单数，虽后续 with, along with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, rather than, more than, like, besides, but, except, in addition to引导的短语，谓语仍用单数。 An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. Nobody but John and George was there. The teacher as well as the students was asked to attend the party. 2). 主语由“a portion of, a series of, a kind of 等+名词”构成时，谓语动词用单数。 A series of per-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. 3). 主语由“either/neither of +复数名词（或代词）”结构担任时，谓语用单数。 Has either of your parents visited you? Neither of them wants to come. 4).“one of +复数名词（或代词）+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的先行词是位于它前面的复数名词，故从句的谓语用复数形式。 George is one of those people who have trouble making up their minds. 但是，当上述结构转变成“the only one of +复数名词（或代词）+定语从句” 时，由于定语从句的先行词也相应转变成“the only one”,因此从句中的谓语要用单数形式。 He is the only one of the foreign visitors who is able to speak Chinese. 5). 由 and 或 both…and…连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 A boy and a girl want to go. Both rice and wheat are grown in that country. 但是，当并列主语在意义上指同一人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时，则要根据意义一致的原则，谓语用单数形式，例如： My colleague and former collage friend is going to Japan on business. Whisky and soda is always my favourite drink.（这里指由whisky和soda合成的一种饮料） Brown bread