数据加密标准参考.ppt

Cryptography and Network Security the Data Encryption Standard 数据加密标准 内容 1. DES 2. DES说明 3. 分组密码设计理论 4. DES分析 5. DES改进 Modern Block Ciphers will now look at modern block ciphers one of the most widely used types of cryptographic algorithms provide secrecy and/or authentication services in particular will introduce DES (Data Encryption Standard) Block vs Stream Ciphers block ciphers process messages in into blocks, each of which is then en/decrypted like a substitution on very big characters 64-bits or more stream ciphers process messages a bit or byte at a time when en/decrypting many current ciphers are block ciphers hence are focus of course 一Data Encryption Standard (DES) most widely used block cipher in world adopted in 1977 by NBS (now NIST) as FIPS PUB 46 encrypts 64-bit data using 56-bit key has widespread use has been considerable controversy over its security DES History IBM developed Lucifer cipher by team led by Feistel used 64-bit data blocks with 128-bit key then redeveloped as a commercial cipher with input from NSA and others in 1973 NBS issued request for proposals for a national cipher standard IBM submitted their revised Lucifer which was eventually accepted as the DES DES Design Controversy although DES standard is public was considerable controversy over design in choice of 56-bit key (vs Lucifer 128-bit) and because design criteria were classified subsequent events and public analysis show in fact design was appropriate DES has become widely used, especially in financial applications DES数据加密系统流程 64位明文输入 初始置换IP 乘积变换 逆初始置换 64位密文输出 Feistel Cipher Structure DES Round Structure uses two 32-bit L R halves as for any Feistel cipher can describe as: Li = Ri–1 Ri = Li–1 xor F(Ri–1, Ki) takes 32-bit R half and 48-bit subkey and: expands R to 48-bits using perm E adds to subkey passes through 8 S-boxes to get 32-bit result finally permutes this using 32-bit perm P DES DES定义 加密过程 解密过程 DES的