LectureTwoNoun名词.ppt

Lecture Two Noun(名词) 2.1 Classification of Nouns 1) Simple Noun/Compound Noun/Derivational Noun 2) Common noun/ Proper Noun Common Noun Individual Noun Collective Noun Material Noun Abstract Noun 3) Countable Noun and Uncountable Noun countable uncountable 2.2 Number of Noun (singular and plural form) 1) Number of Individual Noun 2) Number of Collective Noun 3) Number of Material Noun 4) Number of Abstract Noun Louse----lice ox----oxen Goose--geese basis--bases Analysis--analyses crisis---crises Parenthesis-parentheses diagnosis-diagnoses Bacterium-bacteria medium---media Criterion—criteria phenomenon--phenomena Irregular Nominal forms 2. Different meanings of one noun with singular and plural form communication(通讯)——communications(通讯系统，通讯工具) cloth(布)——clothes(衣服)； content(内容)——contents(目录)； humanity(人类)——humanities(人文科学)； necessity(需要)——necessities(必需品)； pain(疼痛)——pains(辛劳)； ruin(毁灭)——ruins(废墟，遗迹)； sand(沙子)——sands(沙地，沙滩)； wood(木材)——woods(树林)； work(工作)——works(工厂，著作)。 另外，有些名词通常只用复数形式， 如：fundamentals(基本原则)，goods(货物), means(方法), shorts(短裤), sweets(欢乐),valuables (贵重物品)。 Exercise 可数名词复数变化规则： 词尾字母情况 变化方法 例词 一般情况 加-s bird-birds, desk-desks,hand-hands,lake-lakes 以ch,sh,s,x,z 加-es church-churches,dish-dishes,class-classes,box-boxes, quiz-quizzes 辅音字母+y 变y为i在加es family-families,baby-babies,country-countries ? 以o结尾 加-es tomato-tomatoes,potato-patatoes, hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,volcano-volcanoes 以f或fe结尾 变f或者fe为v加es Thief-thieves, wife-wives,half-halves,leaf-leaves, Knife-knives,wolf-wolves, self-selves,life-lives 注：a.以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接加-s, 如：play-plays, boy-boysb.以o结尾的名词，直接加-s,如：photo-photos, bamboo-bamboosc.以f 或者fe结尾，直接加-s,如：belief -beliefs, cliff-cliffs ,safe-safes 注：a.以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接加-s, 如： play-plays, boy-boysb.以o结尾的名词，直接加-s,如：photo-photos, bamboo-bamboosc.以f 或者fe结尾，直接加-s,如： belief -beliefs, cliff-cliffs ,safe-safes可数名词复数的不规则变化：1）?变换元音或者加后缀如：tooth-teeth （牙齿）??? foot-feet （脚）?? mouse-mice （老鼠）??? woman-women（妇女） ox-oxen（公牛）?? child-children（孩子）